Buy Essay At #1 Usa Custom Essay Writing Service

Buy Essay At #1 Usa Custom Essay Writing Service The study finds that the onus falls on instructors to stay up to sure student expectations concerning readability and engagement in fact content material. The study identifies this as the most effective path to deterring the rationalized impulse to use a ghostwriting service. Merging essay-writing and test-taking removes this impression. Instructors can create mixed format tests that embody multiple-alternative, essay questions, short-answer questions, etc. Eventually, Ms. Mbugua stated, she decided to strike out on her own, and purchased an account from an established author with UvoCorp. But UvoCorp forbids such transfers, and Ms. Mbugua mentioned the account she had bought was shut down. Ms. Mbugua, the Kenyan university scholar, labored for as little as $4 a web page. She mentioned she started carrying a pocket book, jotting down vocabulary phrases she encountered in films and novels to make her essays extra valuable. There are a great many academic contexts in which this is difficult if not unimaginable. These practices are what maintain prospects turning to the paper mill for help again and again. Presuming the ghostwriter has created a completely unique piece, Turnitin software program will not detect any irregularity. Consequently, the expansion of this business helped to provoke the growth of the plagiarism-detection business of which Turnitin is a number one example. In the conversation on prevention, the motivation to cheat is of considerable significance and may help educators to target college students with preventative strategies. I was really a little shocked that they were so shocked. Too many educators have been immune to the concept that a scholar might or would make use of the providers of a ghostwriter to complete a significant task, a dissertation, or an entire course of research. This identical objective drives the present article, which provides a thorough state-of-the-artwork account of how ghostwritten papers could also be detected and deterred. Strategies corresponding to obligatory and regular one-on-one conferences can create a relationship between student and professor that can't be prevented. With respect to online courses, videoconferencing purposes are actually readily available and commonplace for laptops, home computer systems, and smartphones. By building conferencing or videoconferencing into the semester, the teacher fosters a relationship with his or her college students that may operate as its own deterrent. The article factors out that this would function a helpful means to assist TAs or graders identify writing inconsistencies even without their having the chance to know the scholars personally. That is, students at least imagine that they are dishonest out of ease, normalcy, or necessity. By contrast, a lecture, a category discussion and the expertise of being a part of both should be one thing distinctive and unimaginable to duplicate. Nobody's saying each professor needs to be Robin Williams in Dead Poets Society, but every professor should give his or her college students something they cannot get on the Internet. A writer-manager will send assignments directly to a author based on declared areas of experience. Assignments will include directions, deadline, and amount of compensation. When a author agrees to take on an task, he or she becomes answerable for submission by the deadline. Creating challenging course materials that isn't drawn verbatim from normal texts can function a distinguishing feature when it comes time to read students' work. Most ghostwriters haven't any problem with somewhat artistic writing however, again, this approach offers an educator the prospect to identify a mismatch between a scholar and the written work. To say it merely, a generic task begets a generic essay. When I labored as a ghostwriter, lazy students helped me to make my residing nevertheless it was the lazy professors that made my life easier. Naturally, students who plan on defrauding the professor are distinctly less likely to pursue a personal relationship with her or him. We can say with nice certainty that it's simpler than ever to make use of an educational ghostwriting service. If a pupil has the money, he or she has the means. I offer this account as a useful resource to educators, directors and schools who wish to better understand and extra ably fight ghostwriting in their lecture rooms. Since day one, we're proud to make ALL of our laminated examine guides here within the USA! Located in Boca Raton, Florida, all QuickStudy guides are made with quality, care, and distributed throughout the globe! It is an honor to help college students, educators, companies and the medical group attain their mental objectives of prosperity and success. Ms. Mbugua said she by no means felt right concerning the writing she did in the names of American college students and others. This method requires the student to reveal writing capacity throughout in-class testing. Multiple-selection, machine-graded exams help the scholar differentiate between reporting to class on test day and outsourcing take-residence writing work. Assignments that rely strictly on standard texts make the ghostwriter's job very easy. It is important to attach struggling studentsâ€"graduate and undergraduate alikeâ€"to wanted educational assist. Students who use ghostwriting companies know this quite well. As I noted earlier, task directions often include the specification that Turnitin shall be used. This is the equal of hiring a jewel thief and arming him with the vault's security schematics. The ghostwriter will compose an task with each intention of evading this safety.

Buy Essay At #1 Usa Custom Essay Writing Service

Buy Essay At #1 Usa Custom Essay Writing Service The study finds that the onus falls on instructors to stay up to sure student expectations concerning readability and engagement in fact content material. The study identifies this as the most effective path to deterring the rationalized impulse to use a ghostwriting service. Merging essay-writing and test-taking removes this impression. Instructors can create mixed format tests that embody multiple-alternative, essay questions, short-answer questions, etc. Eventually, Ms. Mbugua stated, she decided to strike out on her own, and purchased an account from an established author with UvoCorp. But UvoCorp forbids such transfers, and Ms. Mbugua mentioned the account she had bought was shut down. Ms. Mbugua, the Kenyan university scholar, labored for as little as $4 a web page. She mentioned she started carrying a pocket book, jotting down vocabulary phrases she encountered in films and novels to make her essays extra valuable. There are a great many academic contexts in which this is difficult if not unimaginable. These practices are what maintain prospects turning to the paper mill for help again and again. Presuming the ghostwriter has created a completely unique piece, Turnitin software program will not detect any irregularity. Consequently, the expansion of this business helped to provoke the growth of the plagiarism-detection business of which Turnitin is a number one example. In the conversation on prevention, the motivation to cheat is of considerable significance and may help educators to target college students with preventative strategies. I was really a little shocked that they were so shocked. Too many educators have been immune to the concept that a scholar might or would make use of the providers of a ghostwriter to complete a significant task, a dissertation, or an entire course of research. This identical objective drives the present article, which provides a thorough state-of-the-artwork account of how ghostwritten papers could also be detected and deterred. Strategies corresponding to obligatory and regular one-on-one conferences can create a relationship between student and professor that can't be prevented. With respect to online courses, videoconferencing purposes are actually readily available and commonplace for laptops, home computer systems, and smartphones. By building conferencing or videoconferencing into the semester, the teacher fosters a relationship with his or her college students that may operate as its own deterrent. The article factors out that this would function a helpful means to assist TAs or graders identify writing inconsistencies even without their having the chance to know the scholars personally. That is, students at least imagine that they are dishonest out of ease, normalcy, or necessity. By contrast, a lecture, a category discussion and the expertise of being a part of both should be one thing distinctive and unimaginable to duplicate. Nobody's saying each professor needs to be Robin Williams in Dead Poets Society, but every professor should give his or her college students something they cannot get on the Internet. A writer-manager will send assignments directly to a author based on declared areas of experience. Assignments will include directions, deadline, and amount of compensation. When a author agrees to take on an task, he or she becomes answerable for submission by the deadline. Creating challenging course materials that isn't drawn verbatim from normal texts can function a distinguishing feature when it comes time to read students' work. Most ghostwriters haven't any problem with somewhat artistic writing however, again, this approach offers an educator the prospect to identify a mismatch between a scholar and the written work. To say it merely, a generic task begets a generic essay. When I labored as a ghostwriter, lazy students helped me to make my residing nevertheless it was the lazy professors that made my life easier. Naturally, students who plan on defrauding the professor are distinctly less likely to pursue a personal relationship with her or him. We can say with nice certainty that it's simpler than ever to make use of an educational ghostwriting service. If a pupil has the money, he or she has the means. I offer this account as a useful resource to educators, directors and schools who wish to better understand and extra ably fight ghostwriting in their lecture rooms. Since day one, we're proud to make ALL of our laminated examine guides here within the USA! Located in Boca Raton, Florida, all QuickStudy guides are made with quality, care, and distributed throughout the globe! It is an honor to help college students, educators, companies and the medical group attain their mental objectives of prosperity and success. Ms. Mbugua said she by no means felt right concerning the writing she did in the names of American college students and others. This method requires the student to reveal writing capacity throughout in-class testing. Multiple-selection, machine-graded exams help the scholar differentiate between reporting to class on test day and outsourcing take-residence writing work. Assignments that rely strictly on standard texts make the ghostwriter's job very easy. It is important to attach struggling studentsâ€"graduate and undergraduate alikeâ€"to wanted educational assist. Students who use ghostwriting companies know this quite well. As I noted earlier, task directions often include the specification that Turnitin shall be used. This is the equal of hiring a jewel thief and arming him with the vault's security schematics. The ghostwriter will compose an task with each intention of evading this safety.

Marxs Deployment Of The Term Abstraction - Free Essay Example

The term abstraction manifoldly pervades Marxs writing. The heterogeneity of its meaning is related to the fact that Marx understands production within a system of capitalism to be a totalizing process which presides over the finiteness of the individual mind and therefore determinations, particulars and forms must be understood as relations in an ongoing process and they can only be considered in isolation as abstractions. Nevertheless, these abstractions are real insofar as they constitute the spaces, actions and behaviours of concrete social reality for individuals whether they are experienced as such or not. Using Roberto Finellis response to Chris Arthurs work on abstraction, this essay will focus on a particularity drawn out by Marx in the Grundrisse related to the engagement of exchange and from this, will elaborate on Marxs deployment of the term abstraction in his critique of political economy. In The Chapter on Capital, Marx considers the nature of the putative social relations into which individuals must enter in order to engage in exchange. Before particularizing the moment of exchange, Marx tactfully draws our attention to the perceptual limitations induced by the totality of capitalist production, where the subject holds that a social relation, a definite relation between individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦appearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as a purely physical, external thing which can be found, as such, in nature and which is indistinguishable in form from its natural existence. (Marx, 1993, p.240) Marx rejoins this faulty apprehension with the simple fact that Nature does not produce money, an y more than it produces a rate of exchange or a banker. (Marx, 1993, p. 240) In this discreet move through which the concrete given of social reality is revealed to be the hidden operations of capital, Marx offers an early indication of his method for interrogating abstraction as a way of life. Looking at the form in which the moment of exchange realizes itself, Marx distinguishes an equality brought to bear on the individuals involved in exchange. The expression of exchange value in commodities through the labour time spent in their production means that the moment of exchange, no matter the use values being compared, rearticulates that equivalence and in so doing transforms the individuals involved in the exchange into equivalent exchangers. Both the exchangers and the commodities they exchange, are by the logic of exchange value, equal; The subjects in exchange exist for one another only through these equivalents, as of equal worth, and prove themselves to be such through the exchange of the objectivity in which the one exist for the other. (Marx, 1993, p.242) The content outwith the act of exchange, the natural differences between the exchangers (needs, production, wealth etc.), does not alter the state of equality enshrined in the act of exchange. Rather, it is the natural differences of exchangers outside the act that are the very precondition of the equality expressed in the exchange. The social relation within which individual exchangers find themselves in the act of exchange is one predicated on the fact that each individual needs something from the other and has produced something the other needs in return, whether it is commodities, labour or money makes no difference in this case. The condition where individuals reciprocally produce the objects that service the needs of others and meet as such, determines the equivalence that anchors the act of exchange. Through the act of exchange, individuals acknowledge and realize in each others mutual compu lsions the general self-seeking interest of human beings. Yet, when thoroughly considered it is forgotten that in the act of exchange, the presupposition of exchange valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in itself implies compulsion over the individual, since his immediate product is not a product for him, but only becomes such in the social process, and since it must take on this general but nevertheless external form; and that the individual has an existence only as producer of exchange value, hence that the whole negation of his natural existence is already implied; that he is therefore entirely determined by society. (Marx, 1993, p.249) What at first appears as a natural and concrete moment in social reality is in fact riven by historical process. The formal determinations expressed in the act of exchange produce equality insofar as they coerce the individual into furnishing the needs of society in general in the form of exchange value through abstract labour. Roberto Finelli draws attentio n to this role of formal determinations as much as it concerns a form as something that is invisible, something not directly perceptible, unlike material determination.' (Finelli, 2007, p.4) In Marxs conceptualisation of totality, Finelli sees the abstraction-emptying out (Finelli, p.6) of the concrete. Finellis view holds that the surface of concrete reality, including as we saw the example of the act of exchange, is propped up by a repression of abstract processes ongoing in the totality of production. Abstraction, says Finelli, is a colonisation which is dissimulated and negated through an hysterical over-determination of the surface which, coloured and embellished, always has to display the contrary of that which it is. (Finelli, p.66) With the concentration and centralisation of abstractions as a way of life, historically configured processes that reproduce social relations are naturalised and become perceived as concrete. The mediations comprising the disjunctive moments in so cial reality are made invisible by the cult of exteriority where objects don a superficial appearance in order to strike and seduce that ideological and deceitful organ par excellence which is our eye (Finelli, p.69), making the abstract symptoms of capital domination appear coherent and real. The predominance of exteriority over material essence is the result of appearance submitting to the expansive-reproductive logic (Finelli, p.66) of the totality of capital, which perpetually resumes its own basis in social reality. The concrete, which is now discovered to be the congelation of real processes abstracted from the totality of capital production, is hallowed, formed and determined to supply the relational totality of capital its iterative force; as Marx says, Within the value relation and the expression of value contained in it the abstract universal is not a property of the concrete, the sensuous-actual; on the contrary, the sensuous-actual is a mere hypostasis or determinate form of realization of the abstract universal. (Marx, 1992, p. 32) The final chapter, therefore, in the domination of abstraction over social life occurs when individuals become psychologically inducted into the realm of superficiality, when the mind receives as and responds as if to concretise that which is abstract, And there, through the abstract activity of many, the concrete is produced. (Finelli, p.70) Returning to our consideration of the act of exchange, the freedom promised there, as we saw earlier, proved in fact to be the contrary: inequality and unfreedom (Marx, 1993, p.249) The perceived freedom in the act of exchange is the historically produced naturalisation of exchange value behind which is hidden the social force of abstract labour. The social compulsion to embody the so-called freedoms in the act of exchange reinforces the grip of abstract labour over the exchanger, as the satisfaction granted by the former exchange realizes and legitimates abstract labour thro ugh exchange value, persuading the exchanger to see as free and beneficial a process that is ultimately coercive. To this, Finelli adds: In the society of capital, abstraction assumes the explicit contours of matter of factà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it becomes a practically true abstractionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The universal is real only when it is the fruit not of logical intellect or even of theoretical ideation but of collective historical praxis. (Toscano, 2008, p. 276) The universal realization of abstract processes as concrete objective reality occurs when the perceptual field is conditioned to the dissimulation of abstraction through social and historical mediation. This occurs when individuals internalize real abstractions and behave and act as such and when society binds its members to the capital-subject through their mutual adherence to the lure of the exchange value viz real abstraction, thereby manufacturing a radical reciprocal dependency. Lucio Colletti notes in his introduction to M arxs early writing that The result [of the domination of real abstractions] is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" given that labour in general is, in Marxs words, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the everlasting Nature-imposed condition of human existence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that the light of eternity comes to be cast upon the particular historical figure of the wage-labourer. (Marx, 1992, p.28) The concealment of forced abstract labour behind the ostensible form taken up by the act of exchange structures the needs and wants brought to bear on the act by the labourer/exchanger. The obligation attached to the act of exchange forcing the exchanger to labour in order to furnish the general abstract wants of society, produces his social reality in such a way that his desires become caught up with the reproductive logic of capital. His needs become malformed by the guiding principle of reproducing his labour power and the basis of his own subjection. The increasing separation of the labourer from his own concrete basis in reality which is an expression of the complete domination of dead matter over men (Marx, 1992, p. 319) results in the pursuit and production of alien objects and, symptomatically, the loss of and bondage to the object (Marx, 1992, p.324) The more real-abstractions operate as the governing logic over social life, the more powerful the alien, objective world becomes which he brings into being over against himself. (Marx, 1992, p.324) Thus, the obligation of entering into estranged labour, concealed behind the form taken up by exchange (with its promise of mutual satiation) forces the individual to naturalize an alien reality without being aware of its taking place; What the product of his labour is, he is not. (Marx, 1992, p.324) The labourers alienation resides in his being compelled to embody an ontology that goes contrary to his own nature, or breaks his dialogue with nature, by deceptive abstractions reified as concrete reality. The worker must continue to produce even when he is liberated from immediate physical need to service the needs of general society and thus continues to produce his own inorganic objective reality until he regardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.his objectified labour, as an alien, hostile and powerful object which is independent of him [and] then his relationship to that object is such that another man à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" alien and hostile, powerful and independent of him à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is its master. (Marx, 1992, p.331) The alienation generated by abstract labour is one which pervades mans relationship with nature and others to the extent that a class formation emerges, grouping individuals whose estranged relationship with objective reality is made equivalent under the control of the capitalist. However, Finelli prudently reminds us that the class, the proletariat, communism have been values and locations, ideal and real, conceived on the basis of the principle of abstract equality alone, or of an equality not vivified and made concrete by differences. It therefore ended up reflecting, in itself, precisely that same abstraction which it wanted to combat and eliminate. (Finelli, p.72) The ideal function of the proletariat, antagonistic as they are to the reproductive alienation generated by the abstract labour process and the real abstractions structuring social life through exchange value, is built upon the same abstract equality that stabilizes the act of exchange in capitalist circulation. With this threat in mind, Finelli resolves that real change can only emerge when a new anthropology is conceived that knows how to articulate difference together with equality, the right of everyone to see their own strictly unrepeatable singularity recognised, respected and developed. (Finelli, p.73) Abstraction continues to be a real reckoning force in modern life, particularly with the acceleration of global flows in our era of multinational capitalism. New forms of dissimulated abstractions synthetically generate the surface of concrete objective reality and condition the perceptual field to validate their hypostatization. Information technology is one obvious example of this process at work on contemporary lives. Comprehensively tracing the evolution of Marxs writing on the subject of abstraction and the explications and extensions offered by Finelli will, however, give us an opportunity to reveal the real abstractions at work in our lives and salvage the real concrete from complete vacancy. Bibliography Finelli, Roberto. 2007. Abstraction versus Contradiction: Observations on Chris Arthurs The New Dialectic and Marxs Capital, in Historical Materialism 15, 61-74 Marx, Karl. 1992. Early Writings. London: Penguin Books Marx, Karl. 1993. Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy. London: Penguin Books Ollman, Bertell. 2003. Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marxs Method. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Postone, Moishe, and Brennan, Timothy. 2009. Labor and the Logic of Abstraction: An Interview, in South Atlantic Quarterly 108(2), 305-330 Toscano, Alberto. 2008. The Open Secret of Real Abstraction, Rethinking Marxism, in A Journal of Economics, Culture Society 20(2), 273-287 Sayer, Derek. 1987. The Violence of Abstraction: The Analytic Foundations of Historical Materialism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell

Racial Tensions By Dennis Prager - 922 Words

Oftentimes conflicts are only considered to be only an international difference in opinions, however, conflict can be present as a national issue. In the United States of America, although considered a relatively peaceful country, experiences national conflicts regularly. Dennis Prager says â€Å"Since neither black animosity nor the Left’s falsehood of ‘racial tensions’ is based on the actual behavior of the vast majority of white Americans, nothing white America can do will affect the perceptions of many black Americans or of the leftist libel.† This quote defends the idea that in most cases, the racial tension is one sided and without clear evidence. One of the most recent national conflicts deals with the shooting and killing of Michael Brown (a black man) by a white police officer (Holder Announces Ferguson Probe, Review of St. Louis County Police Practices.). Sense Perception and Emotion should be considered when evaluating this situation at Ferguson. The sense perception of the witnesses as well as that of the two involved in the physical conflict needs to be taken into consideration. The police officer could have believed he was defended himself, and Brown could have thought the same. The witnesses and the surrounding population’s opinions should also be considered. St. Louis County is notorious for their crime rate and their protest/ riot like movements. These riots can probably be credited for getting this situation national attention because of the actions and theShow MoreRelatedRacism In America Racism1096 Words   |  5 Pageseven realize. Reniqua Allen and Jeff chang both shares the idea of resegregation and how segregation in neighborhoods affect the quality of life as a minority. Jeff Chang argues that the black community is at a constant disadvantage due to the racial tension. He states the importance of living in a good neighborhood since it affects the quality of food, education, jobs, healthcare, and whether they will have anything to pass on to the next generation; however, the black community is mostly livingRead MoreThe And The Holocaust : A Breach Of Faith2649 Words   |  11 Pagestreacherous extermination. One teaches the Holocaust in order to understand stereotyping, prejudice, and racism. To understand the history of the Holocaust, historical counterparts, mechanics of genocide program and implications today in a multi-racial society, relevant films, publications or teaching materials are necessary while teaching about the Holocaust (Szonyi). During the course of learning about the Holocaust, one might utilize a series of texts, evaluations of materials and discussionsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOlivas-Lujan, Lujan Clarion University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxiii Kelly Ottman, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee Cynthia Ozeki, California State University, Dominguez Hills Peg Padgett, Butler University Jennifer Palthe, Western Michigan University Dennis Passovoy, University of Texas at Austin Karen Paul, Florida International University Laura Finnerty Paul, Skidmore College Anette Pendergrass, Arkansas State University at Mountain Home Bryan Pesta, Cleveland State University Jeff Peterson, University

The Chronology of World War 1 that Lead to World War 2

â€Å"Everything happens for a reason†. This time honored clichà © has worn its way into the psychology of man, for it gives us both explanation for things that we don’t understand as well as a source of comfort for undesirable happenings in our lives. Many who lived to see the horrendous times of World War 2 have used this phrase to achieve both these ends, for it gives them some small comfort to think that there is some grandiose and powerful meaning behind the happening s of this tragedy. However, as nice as it would be to imagine that there was some deeper meaning to it, WWII was a war not very different from other wars; at least, not in how it came to happen. It had similar causes to many wars; peace was attempted in many time-tried†¦show more content†¦Again, Germany was not invited. One of the duties of this body was to ensure that Germany kept the restrictions of land and military imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. In reality, this body had no tangib le power and relied solely on actions of its members to take any real action. Within several years of establishment, it had dissolved and given way to the rising German aggression from the power of one man: Adolf Hitler. Hitler was the leader of the German fascist party, the Nazis, a group determined to restore honor and glory to the great nation of Germany. After many violent attempts at government overthrow, Hitler was thrown in prison where he waited for years to be set free. While jailed, Hitler wrote of his struggle and of his dreams for the German people in his book Mein Kampf, or My Struggle. After his release, he started to gain political support for his goals and beliefs within the government itself. The Nazis were on the move. With the fall of the US loan market, the German government that had been struggling to make ends meet met total devastation. In a desperate act to gain public support, they appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. 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Planning Of Audit-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are planning an audit and have access to the preliminary trial balance for your client. You would like to use the trial balance to identify accounts that are likely to require significant audit attention. Answer: Planning Of Audit Planning an audit is the very important aspect in the financial accounting area. It consists of the consideration of those items of the financial statements which can contain the discrepancies or the material misstatements. These are identified from the Trial Balance and Balance Sheet and Income Statement of the company. The company available under study is Fandango Enterprises. The planning of audit comprises of the defining of procedures relating to the extent at which the audit function will apply, the total time involved in the process and the nature of the audit. It generally details as to how the audit will be started, what types of things are required to be checked, the date of start, etc. It also consists of the analytical procedures and other tests adopted as per the needs of the circumstances (Leung, Coram, Copper and Richardson, 2015). Analytical Review The analytical review involves the act of conducting the review of the financial statements of the company. This review involves two basic procedures. One is known as the ratio analysis and other is known as the trend analysis. The first procedure helps in establishing the relationship between any two items and which may sometimes comes out with so much unexpected results that the items so included will be requiring the additional audit procedures to be performed in order to check the accuracy, completeness and the genuineness of the amount of the items so stated in the financial statements of the company (Abidin and Baabbad, 2015). The second procedure helps in analyzing the nature of the item involved in the financial statements of the company. The nature so analysed may involve the analysis for the past two years or three years or four years or five years and more depending upon the nature of the business of the company and the circumstances in which the company is prevailing. It helps in judging what causes the significant increase or the decrease in the particular item of the financial statements over the years. For instance, how the sale figure of the company has been increased or how the figure of the inventory has been decreased irrespective of the fact of the recession across the world in the business industry (Glover, Prawitt and Drake, 2014). In the given case of Fandango Enterprises, seven items is required to be selected on the basis of the prepared balance sheet and the income statement. These include the consultancy fees, bank charges, interest income, depreciation, sales, cost of sales and superannuation (ACCA, 2016). Preliminary Judgment Of Materiality Materiality is the very important concept in the financial accounting and the financial auditing. Materiality in simple word means the items which has the material effect in the financial positions and the financial health of the company. Under this preliminary judgment, the auditor is required to check the effect of each and every item involved in the financial statements of the company and its overall impact on the financial condition of the company (Chen and Tsay, 2017). For assessing the materiality of each and every item of the financial statements of the company, the auditor is required to apply the professional competence and due care. It is because each and every item has different or the similar reason for the change in the value. For instance, the percentage of the cost of sales has been decreased from 33.93% in the year of 2016 to 30.36 % in the year of 2017 (Mao, 2014; Langevoort, 2015). As the difference is significant, the major item involved is inventory and thus the materialities of the inventory in the financial statements have been discussed. Similarly net profit margin has been decreased from 50.36% in the year of 2016 to 45.24% in the year of 2017. The company has not fixed any limit for assessing the material effect of the items contained in the financial statements of the company. But in order to judge the materiality at the preliminary level before getting into the deepness of the items involved in the financial statements of the company, the auditor is required to set the two levels for each item one shall be the maximum and other shall be the minimum and accordingly the judgment shall be done. As no such level has been made, it is genuine to have the opinion which is not qualified (Ullah, 2014). Consultancy Fees Rationale For Selection The consultancy fees have been decreased from $57000 as on 30th of June 2016 to $29625 as on 31st of December 2016. It has been selected on the basis of its likely impact on the balance of the retained earnings of the company. Assertion And Explanation The assertion placed under this head is the completeness. It has been so asserted because of the fact that the consultancy fees have shown neither any increasing trend nor any decreasing trend. Thus, it is required to be closely monitored. Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor is required to check the accounting vouchers along with the invoices issued for the consultancy business. The bank statement shall also be verified as to confirm the receipt of the payment. Bank Charges Rationale For Selection Bank charges are the cost charged by the bank for providing the various services. Bank charges have been decreased from $350 for the year ending 30th of June 2016 to $174 for the year ending 30th of June 2017. But in relative terms the figures for both years are equal. It has been selected because of no change in the corresponding bank loan or the banking transactions (PCAOB, 2017). Assertion And Explanation The assertion placed is the accuracy. As the amount in relative terms is equal and hence it has challenged that the amount stated in the financial statement is accurate. Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor shall verify the amount with the bank statement and shall obtain the charges confirmation for the period ending 31st of December 2016. Interest Income Rationale For Selection The interest income has been decreased from $50 for the year ending 30th of June 2016 to $24 for the period of six months ending 31st of December 2016. In the relative terms also the company has earned less income by $2 for the period of twelve months. It has affected the retained earnings of the company (Anastasia, 2015). Assertion And Explanation The assertion placed is the completeness as the amount of interest earned is nearly equal to the last year. Second assertion that has been placed is the reliability. Reliability has come across due to the fact that the company has not made any deposits on which interest can be earned. Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor shall check the entries in the bank statement along with the accounting made in the books of accounts and if possible obtain the confirmation from the bank stating on which balance the interest income has been earned. Sales Rationale For Selection The sale has been increased in relative terms. Sale made in the preceeding year is $187450 and in the six months of the current year is $97262.50 and if it is converted into twelve months then the sales figure comes out as $194525. Assertion And Explanation The assertion made under this head is the completeness. As the sales figure has been increased considerably with the relative decrease in profits, there might be the chances that either the sales figure has been inflated or undervalued (Kharisova, 2014). Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor shall check each sale invoice and cross verify the same with accounting vouchers posted in the accounting software so that any deviation can be checked easily. Depreciation Rationale For Selection Depreciation is the non cash item, although it does not have the material effect, but its checking is required in accordance with the accounting standards issued by the standard setting bodies. The depreciation for the past six months has been incurred amounting to $17773 as on 31st of December 2016 as against $15738 as on 30th of June 2016. It is with the basic fact that the amount of the furniture, machinery and motor vehicles has not been changed. Assertion And Explanation The assertion is the accuracy and reliability as the depreciation amount is very high as compared to previous year in relation to zero change in the cost of the assets (Vasarhelyi, 2014). Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor shall check the calculation of the depreciation in accordance with the method adopted by the company. In case there is change in method then the same shall be checked with proper calculations. Cost Of Sales Rationale For Selection In percentage terms, cost of sale has been decreased from 33.93% in the financial year ending 30th of June 2016 to 30.36% in the financial year ending 30th of June 2017. Due to this decrease the gross profit has been increased by approximately 3%. It has affected the retained earnings of the company (Mock, 2015). Assertion And Explanation The assertion made under this head is completeness and accuracy. This is because either the inventory of the company has been undervalued or the purchase has not been booked due to which the cost of sales has been decreased. Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor is required to check the purchases with the purchase invoices and the valuation of inventory with the method prescribed. Superannuation Rationale For Selection The superannuation is the amount incurred for the benefit of the employees of the company. The basis for selection is decrease in the amount as compared to last year amount. Assertion And Explanation The assertion made is the completeness and accuracy as the amount does not reflects the correct picture in consonance with the amount of the wages incurred. Recommended Audit Procedure The auditor shall verify the amount with report of actuarial valuation along with the data of the employees stating the amount and other details. References ACCA, (2016), Analytical Procedures, available on https://www.accaglobal.com/vn/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams -study-resources/p7/technical-articles/analytical-procedures.html accessed on 01-10 -2017. Abidin, S., Baabbad, M. A. (2015), The use of analytical procedures by yemeni auditors,Corporate Ownership Control,12(2), 17-25. Anastasia, (2015), Financial Statement Analysis : An Introduction available on https://www.cleverism.com/financial-statement-analysis-introduction/ accessed on 02 -10-2017 Chen, S., Tsay, B. Y. (2017), Refer to Materiality as a Legal Concept.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,28(2), 55-61. Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F., Drake, M. S. (2014), Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A Path Forward for Using Substantive Analytical Procedures in Auditing Large PL Accounts: Commentary and Analysis.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(3), 161-179. Kharisova, F. I., (2014), Applying the category of Assertions (or preconditions) in audit of financial statement.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(24), 18 Langevoort, D. C. (2015), Judgment Day for Fraud-on-the-Market: Reflections on Amgen and the Second Coming of Halliburton.Ariz. L. Rev.,57, 37. Leung P, Coram P, Copper B and Richardson P, (2015), Modern Auditing and Assurance Services, Wiley John and Sons, Ed. 6, Pp 425-463, 582-684. Mao, M., (2014), Experimental Methods of Materiality Judgment on Auditors Experience and Performance In3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research(ICSSR 2014) Atlantis Press. Mock, T. J, (2015). Auditors' Risk Assessments: The Effects of Elicitation Approach and Assertion FramingBehavioral Research in Accounting,28(2), 75-84. PCAOB, (2017), Analytical Procedures available at https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Archived/Pages/AU329A.aspx accessed on 02-10-2017 Ullah A, (2014), Planning and Audit of Financial Statements available on https://leaccountant.com/2014/12/08/asa-300-summary-planning-an-audit-of-financial -statements/ accessed on 02-10-2017 Vasarhelyi, M. A., (2014), Embracing the Automated Audit: How the Audit Data Standards and Audit Tools Can Enhance Auditor Judgment and AssuranceJournal of accountancy,217(4), 34.

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